In the example sentence 壁に大きな時計をかける (kabe ni ōkina tokei o kakeru, 'put a big clock on the wall'), which choice uses かける (kakeru) with the same meaning?
みそ汁に七味をかける (miso-shiru ni shichimi o kakeru)
友人に電話をかける (yūjin ni denwa o kakeru)
準備に三日をかける (junbi ni mikka o kakeru)
肩にかばんをかける (kata ni kaban o kakeru)
AnswerD. 肩にかばんをかける (kata ni kaban o kakeru)
かける in the example can be replaced by つるす (tsurusu, to hang). 肩にかばんをつるす, hanging a bag on your shoulder, still makes sense, so that is the matching use. 七味をかける is sprinkling seven-spice powder on miso soup; 三日をかける is spending three days; 電話をかける is placing a phone call. Replace かける with つるす in any of those three and the sentence breaks.
Q2 | Uses of kakeru
In 「この作品に三年をかける」 (kono sakuhin ni sannen o kakeru, 'put three years into this work'), which choice uses かける (kakeru) with the same meaning?
妹に電話をかける (imōto ni denwa o kakeru)
豆腐にしょうゆをかける (tōfu ni shōyu o kakeru)
肩にタオルをかける (kata ni taoru o kakeru)
実験に半年をかける (jikken ni hantoshi o kakeru)
AnswerD. 実験に半年をかける (jikken ni hantoshi o kakeru)
かける in the example can be replaced by 費やす (tsuiyasu, to spend). 実験に半年を費やす, spending half a year on an experiment, works, so that is the matching use. タオルをかける is hanging a towel; しょうゆをかける is pouring soy sauce over tofu; 電話をかける is placing a phone call. None of those can take 費やす.
Q3 | Uses of toru
In the example sentence 上着のしみをとる (uwagi no shimi o toru, 'get the stain out of a jacket'), which choice uses とる (toru) with the same meaning?
机のほこりをとる (tsukue no hokori o toru)
棚から本をとる (tana kara hon o toru)
運転免許をとる (unten menkyo o toru)
相手と連絡をとる (aite to renraku o toru)
AnswerA. 机のほこりをとる (tsukue no hokori o toru)
とる in the example can be replaced by 取り除く (torinozoku, to remove). 机のほこりを取り除く, removing the dust from a desk, works. 棚から本をとる is picking a book up off a shelf; 運転免許をとる is obtaining a driving licence; 連絡をとる is exchanging word with someone. None of those means removing.
Q4 | Uses of toru
In 「国家資格をとる」 (kokka shikaku o toru, 'get a national qualification'), which choice uses とる (toru) with the same meaning?
棚から皿をとる (tana kara sara o toru)
営業の許可をとる (eigyō no kyoka o toru)
しだいに年をとる (shidai ni toshi o toru)
部屋のごみをとる (heya no gomi o toru)
AnswerB. 営業の許可をとる (eigyō no kyoka o toru)
とる in the example can be replaced by 手に入れる (te ni ireru, to obtain). 営業の許可を手に入れる, obtaining a business licence, works. 棚から皿をとる is picking a plate up in your hand; ごみをとる is removing rubbish; 年をとる is growing older. Each of those is a different use.
Q5 | Uses of ataru
In the example sentence この部屋はよく日があたる (kono heya wa yoku hi ga ataru, 'this room gets plenty of sun'), which choice uses あたる (ataru) with the same meaning?
難題の解決にあたる (nandai no kaiketsu ni ataru)
南の窓に朝日があたる (minami no mado ni asahi ga ataru)
天気予報があたる (tenki yohō ga ataru)
彼は私のおじにあたる (kare wa watashi no oji ni ataru)
AnswerB. 南の窓に朝日があたる (minami no mado ni asahi ga ataru)
あたる in the example means light reaching something, close to 照る (teru, to shine). 南の窓に朝日が届く, morning sun reaching the south window, works. 天気予報があたる is a forecast proving right; おじにあたる is corresponding to being an uncle; 解決にあたる is taking charge of solving something. None of those is about light.
Q6 | Uses of ataru
In 「彼は私のいとこにあたる」 (kare wa watashi no itoko ni ataru, 'he is my cousin'), which choice uses あたる (ataru) with the same meaning?
明日は父の誕生日にあたる (asu wa chichi no tanjōbi ni ataru)
西日が壁にあたる (nishibi ga kabe ni ataru)
投げた球が的にあたる (nageta tama ga mato ni ataru)
今年の予想があたる (kotoshi no yosō ga ataru)
AnswerA. 明日は父の誕生日にあたる (asu wa chichi no tanjōbi ni ataru)
あたる in the example can be replaced by 相当する (sōtō suru, to correspond to). 明日は父の誕生日に相当する, tomorrow corresponding to father's birthday, works. 球が的にあたる is a ball hitting a target; 予想があたる is a prediction proving right; 西日が壁にあたる is the afternoon sun falling on a wall. None of those means corresponding to.
Q7 | Uses of tatsu
In the example sentence 朝早く旅に立つ (asa hayaku tabi ni tatsu, 'set out on a journey early in the morning'), which choice uses 立つ (tatsu) with the same meaning?
明日、任地へ立つ (asu, ninchi e tatsu)
この本は役に立つ (kono hon wa yaku ni tatsu)
妙なうわさが立つ (myō na uwasa ga tatsu)
席を立って窓を開ける (seki o tatte mado o akeru)
AnswerA. 明日、任地へ立つ (asu, ninchi e tatsu)
立つ in the example can be replaced by 出発する (shuppatsu suru, to depart). 明日、任地へ出発する, departing tomorrow for one's posting, works. 席を立つ is rising and leaving your seat; うわさが立つ is a rumour arising and spreading; 役に立つ is being useful. None of those means departing.
Q8 | Uses of miru
In 「まず一度使ってみる」 (mazu ichido tsukatte miru, 'try using it once first'), which choice uses みる (miru) with the same meaning?
説明書を先に読んでみる (setsumeisho o saki ni yonde miru)
子どもの面倒をみる (kodomo no mendō o miru)
医者が患者をみる (isha ga kanja o miru)
窓から外の景色をみる (mado kara soto no keshiki o miru)
AnswerA. 説明書を先に読んでみる (setsumeisho o saki ni yonde miru)
みる in the example is a helper verb attached to the verb before it, adding the sense of 'give it a try'. 説明書を試しに読む, reading the manual as a trial, works. 景色をみる is seeing with your eyes; 患者をみる is a doctor examining a patient; 面倒をみる is looking after someone. None of those is a helper verb.
Q9 | Uses of ageru
In the example sentence 具体例をあげて説明する (gutairei o agete setsumei suru, 'explain by giving concrete examples'), which choice uses あげる (ageru) with the same meaning?
大きな成果をあげる (ōkina seika o ageru)
弟に古い本をあげる (otōto ni furui hon o ageru)
手をあげて質問する (te o agete shitsumon suru)
反対の理由を三つあげる (hantai no riyū o mittsu ageru)
AnswerD. 反対の理由を三つあげる (hantai no riyū o mittsu ageru)
あげる in the example can be replaced by 示す (shimesu, to set out) or 列挙する (rekkyo suru, to list). 反対の理由を三つ示す, setting out three reasons for opposing, works. 手をあげる is raising your hand; 本をあげる is giving a book; 成果をあげる is achieving a result. None of those means listing.
Q10 | Uses of tsuku
In 「作業着にペンキがつく」 (sagyōgi ni penki ga tsuku, 'paint gets on your work clothes'), which choice uses つく (tsuku) with the same meaning?
部屋の明かりがつく (heya no akari ga tsuku)
午後三時に駅につく (gogo sanji ni eki ni tsuku)
つまらないうそをつく (tsumaranai uso o tsuku)
手のひらに絵の具がつく (te no hira ni enogu ga tsuku)
AnswerD. 手のひらに絵の具がつく (te no hira ni enogu ga tsuku)
つく in the example can be replaced by 付着する (fuchaku suru, to stick to). 手のひらに絵の具が付着する, paint sticking to your palm, works. 明かりがつく is a light coming on; 駅につく is arriving at a station; うそをつく is telling a lie. None of those means sticking to a surface.
Q11 | Uses of hiku
In the example sentence 五から二をひく (go kara ni o hiku, 'subtract two from five'), which choice uses ひく (hiku) with the same meaning?
冬に風邪をひく (fuyu ni kaze o hiku)
派手な服装が人目をひく (hade na fukusō ga hitome o hiku)
代金から手数料をひく (daikin kara tesūryō o hiku)
綱を力いっぱいひく (tsuna o chikara ippai hiku)
AnswerC. 代金から手数料をひく (daikin kara tesūryō o hiku)
ひく in the example can be replaced by 差し引く (sashihiku, to deduct). 代金から手数料を差し引く, deducting a fee from the price, works. 綱をひく is pulling a rope; 風邪をひく is catching a cold; 人目をひく is drawing people's attention. None of those means reducing a quantity.
Q12 | Uses of kuchi
In 「新しい働き口を探す」 (atarashii hatarakiguchi o sagasu, 'look for a new position'), which choice uses 口 (kuchi) with the same meaning?
ようやくよい口が見つかる (yōyaku yoi kuchi ga mitsukaru)
口を大きく開ける (kuchi o ōkiku akeru)
びんの口をふさぐ (bin no kuchi o fusagu)
あの人は口が堅い (ano hito wa kuchi ga katai)
AnswerA. ようやくよい口が見つかる (yōyaku yoi kuchi ga mitsukaru)
口 in the example can be replaced by 勤め先 (tsutomesaki, a place of employment). よい勤め先が見つかる, finding a good place to work, works. 口を開ける is the mouth as a body part; 口が堅い is 口 in the sense of words and talking, said of someone who keeps a secret; びんの口 is the opening of a bottle. None of those means a job.
Q13 | de marking place
In the example sentence 図書館で本を読む (toshokan de hon o yomu, 'read a book at the library'), which choice uses で (de) in the same way?
体育館で練習する (taiikukan de renshū suru)
木で本棚を作る (ki de hondana o tsukuru)
電車で通学する (densha de tsūgaku suru)
大雨で試合が中止になる (ōame de shiai ga chūshi ni naru)
AnswerA. 体育館で練習する (taiikukan de renshū suru)
で in the example marks a place and can be replaced by において (ni oite, at). 体育館において練習する, practising at the gym, works. 電車で is the means, 'by using'; 大雨で is the cause, 'because of'; 木で is the material, 'out of'. None of those marks a place.
Q14 | de marking means
In 「はさみで紙を切る」 (hasami de kami o kiru, 'cut paper with scissors'), which choice uses で (de) in the same way?
教室で友人を待つ (kyōshitsu de yūjin o matsu)
筆で文字を書く (fude de moji o kaku)
牛乳でチーズを作る (gyūnyū de chīzu o tsukuru)
病気で学校を欠席する (byōki de gakkō o kesseki suru)
AnswerB. 筆で文字を書く (fude de moji o kaku)
で in the example marks the means and can be replaced by を使って (o tsukatte, using). 筆を使って文字を書く, writing characters using a brush, works. 教室で marks a place, 病気で marks a cause, and 牛乳で marks a material. Milk is not a tool; it becomes the cheese itself, so it is not a means.
Q15 | de marking cause
In the example sentence 大雪で列車が遅れる (ōyuki de ressha ga okureru, 'the train is late because of heavy snow'), which choice uses で (de) in the same way?
自転車で駅まで行く (jitensha de eki made iku)
不注意で計算をまちがえる (fuchūi de keisan o machigaeru)
駅前で待ち合わせる (ekimae de machiawaseru)
小麦粉でパンを作る (komugiko de pan o tsukuru)
AnswerB. 不注意で計算をまちがえる (fuchūi de keisan o machigaeru)
で in the example marks the cause and can be replaced by のために (no tame ni, because of). 不注意のために計算をまちがえる, getting a calculation wrong through carelessness, works. 駅前で marks a place, 自転車で marks the means, and 小麦粉で marks the material. None of those is a cause.
Q16 | de marking material
In 「大豆でしょうゆを造る」 (daizu de shōyu o tsukuru, 'make soy sauce from soybeans'), which choice uses で (de) in the same way?
かぜで寝こむ (kaze de nekomu)
粘土で皿を作る (nendo de sara o tsukuru)
万年筆で書く (mannenhitsu de kaku)
校庭で走る (kōtei de hashiru)
AnswerB. 粘土で皿を作る (nendo de sara o tsukuru)
で in the example marks the material and can be replaced by を材料として (o zairyō to shite, using as material). 粘土を材料として皿を作る, making a plate out of clay, works. 校庭で marks a place, 万年筆で marks the means, and かぜで marks a cause. A fountain pen is still a fountain pen after you write, so it is not a material.
Q17 | ni marking time
In the example sentence 毎朝七時に起きる (maiasa shichiji ni okiru, 'get up at seven every morning'), which choice uses に (ni) in the same way?
教室に父がいる (kyōshitsu ni chichi ga iru)
日曜日に出かける (nichiyōbi ni dekakeru)
弟に本を貸す (otōto ni hon o kasu)
電車が駅に着く (densha ga eki ni tsuku)
AnswerB. 日曜日に出かける (nichiyōbi ni dekakeru)
に in the example marks a point in time; it attaches to 七時 (shichiji, seven o'clock), a word for a time. 日曜日 (nichiyōbi, Sunday) is also a word for a time, so it matches. 教室に marks where something exists, 駅に marks the point arrived at, and 弟に marks the person an action is directed to. None of those is a time.
Q18 | ni marking the point reached
In 「登山隊が山頂に着く」 (tozantai ga sanchō ni tsuku, 'the climbing party reaches the summit'), which choice uses に (ni) in the same way?
母に進路を相談する (haha ni shinro o sōdan suru)
会議は三時に始まる (kaigi wa sanji ni hajimaru)
手紙が実家に届く (tegami ga jikka ni todoku)
庭に大きな木がある (niwa ni ōkina ki ga aru)
AnswerC. 手紙が実家に届く (tegami ga jikka ni todoku)
に in the example goes with 着く (tsuku, to arrive), a verb of reaching, and marks the point reached. 届く (todoku, to be delivered) is also a verb of reaching, so it matches. 三時に marks a time, 庭に marks where something exists, and 母に marks the person the action is directed to.
Q19 | ni marking a change
In the example sentence 氷がとけて水になる (kōri ga tokete mizu ni naru, 'ice melts and becomes water'), which choice uses に (ni) in the same way?
六時に家へ帰る (rokuji ni ie e kaeru)
弟は将来医者になる (otōto wa shōrai isha ni naru)
机の上に辞書がある (tsukue no ue ni jisho ga aru)
駅前で友人に会う (ekimae de yūjin ni au)
AnswerB. 弟は将来医者になる (otōto wa shōrai isha ni naru)
に in the example goes with なる (naru, to become), a verb of change, and marks the result of the change. 医者になる, becoming a doctor, is the same. 六時に marks a time, 机の上に marks where something exists, and 友人に marks the person the action is directed to. None of those is the result of a change.
Q20 | ni in the passive
In 「野良犬に手をかまれる」 (norainu ni te o kamareru, 'have your hand bitten by a stray dog'), which choice uses に (ni) in the same way?
まっすぐ駅に向かう (massugu eki ni mukau)
壁に地図がはってある (kabe ni chizu ga hatte aru)
八時に出発する (hachiji ni shuppatsu suru)
担任の先生にほめられる (tannin no sensei ni homerareru)
AnswerD. 担任の先生にほめられる (tannin no sensei ni homerareru)
に in the example is used with the passive かまれる (kamareru, to be bitten) and marks the side doing the action. ほめられる (homerareru, to be praised) is also passive, so it matches. 八時に marks a time, 壁に marks where something exists, and 駅に marks where you are heading; none of those is the agent of a passive.
Q21 | no marking the subject
In the example sentence 花の咲く季節を待つ (hana no saku kisetsu o matsu, 'wait for the season when flowers bloom'), which choice uses の (no) in the same way?
兄の書いた手紙を読む (ani no kaita tegami o yomu)
東京の街を歩く (Tōkyō no machi o aruku)
わたしの本を貸す (watashi no hon o kasu)
赤いのをください (akai no o kudasai)
AnswerA. 兄の書いた手紙を読む (ani no kaita tegami o yomu)
の in the example can be replaced by が (ga), the subject marker. 兄が書いた手紙, the letter my brother wrote, can be said, so it matches. わたしの本 and 東京の街 cannot take が: there の simply modifies the following noun. 赤いの stands in for a noun and can be replaced by もの (mono, thing).
Q22 | no standing for a noun
In 「もっと大きいのがほしい」 (motto ōkii no ga hoshii, 'I want a bigger one'), which choice uses の (no) in the same way?
いちばん安いのを選ぶ (ichiban yasui no o erabu)
父の車に乗る (chichi no kuruma ni noru)
雨の降る日は家にいる (ame no furu hi wa ie ni iru)
駅前の店に寄る (ekimae no mise ni yoru)
AnswerA. いちばん安いのを選ぶ (ichiban yasui no o erabu)
の in the example stands in for a noun and can be replaced by もの (mono, thing). いちばん安いものを選ぶ, choosing the cheapest one, works. 父の車 and 駅前の店 are の modifying the following noun. 雨の降る日 can be said as 雨が降る日, so there の marks the subject.
Q23 | to marking a condition
In the example sentence ボタンを押すと扉が開く (botan o osu to tobira ga hiraku, 'press the button and the door opens'), which choice uses と (to) in the same way?
春になると花が咲く (haru ni naru to hana ga saku)
行くと大声で言った (iku to ōgoe de itta)
兄と映画に出かける (ani to eiga ni dekakeru)
本とノートを買う (hon to nōto o kau)
AnswerA. 春になると花が咲く (haru ni naru to hana ga saku)
と in the example marks a condition and can be restated as 押せば (oseba, if you press). 春になれば花が咲く, if spring comes flowers bloom, works. 兄と marks the person you act with, 本とノート links two nouns, and 行くと quotes the words that were said. None of those is a condition.
Q24 | kara marking material
In 「牛乳からバターを作る」 (gyūnyū kara batā o tsukuru, 'make butter from milk'), which choice uses から (kara) in the same way?
寒いから窓を閉める (samui kara mado o shimeru)
ぶどうからワインを造る (budō kara wain o tsukuru)
開会は九時からだ (kaikai wa kuji kara da)
東京から新幹線で出発する (Tōkyō kara shinkansen de shuppatsu suru)
AnswerB. ぶどうからワインを造る (budō kara wain o tsukuru)
から in the example marks the material and can be replaced by を材料として (o zairyō to shite, using as material). ぶどうを材料としてワインを造る, making wine out of grapes, works. 東京から is a starting point in space, 九時から a starting point in time, and 寒いから gives a reason and can be replaced by ので (node, since).
Q25 | yōda as likeness
In the example sentence 彼はまるで子どものようだ (kare wa marude kodomo no yō da, 'he is just like a child'), which choice uses ようだ (yōda) in the same way?
積もった雪のように白い (tsumotta yuki no yō ni shiroi)
果物、たとえばみかんのようなものを買う (kudamono, tatoeba mikan no yō na mono o kau)
どうやら熱があるようだ (dōyara netsu ga aru yō da)
間に合うように早く出る (maniau yō ni hayaku deru)
AnswerA. 積もった雪のように白い (tsumotta yuki no yō ni shiroi)
The example is the likeness use, where まるで (marude, just like) can be added. 積もった雪 also works as まるで雪のように白い, as white as fallen snow, so it matches. 熱がある takes どうやら (dōyara, apparently) and is a guess; みかん takes たとえば (tatoeba, for example) and gives an example; 間に合うように can be replaced by するために and states a purpose.
Q26 | yōda as a guess
In 「彼は事情を知っているようだ」 (kare wa jijō o shitte iru yō da, 'he seems to know the situation'), which choice uses ようだ (yōda) in the same way?
忘れないようにメモする (wasurenai yō ni memo suru)
家はもう留守のようだ (ie wa mō rusu no yō da)
根菜、たとえばにんじんのようなもの (konsai, tatoeba ninjin no yō na mono)
氷のように冷たい手 (kōri no yō ni tsumetai te)
AnswerB. 家はもう留守のようだ (ie wa mō rusu no yō da)
The example is the guess use, where どうやら (dōyara, apparently) can be added. 家はもう留守のようだ, the house seems to be empty already, is also a judgement from what one can see, so it matches. 氷のように takes まるで and is a likeness; 忘れないように states a purpose; にんじんのようなもの gives an example.
Q27 | rashii as a guess
In the example sentence 明日は雨になるらしい (asu wa ame ni naru rashii, 'it seems it will rain tomorrow'), which choice uses らしい (rashii) in the same way?
子どもらしい素直な返事 (kodomo rashii sunao na henji)
会議は延期になったらしい (kaigi wa enki ni natta rashii)
春らしい暖かな陽気 (haru rashii atataka na yōki)
彼はいかにも学者らしい (kare wa ikanimo gakusha rashii)
AnswerB. 会議は延期になったらしい (kaigi wa enki ni natta rashii)
The example is the auxiliary らしい of inference, where どうやら (dōyara, apparently) can be added. 会議は延期になったらしい is also an inference from something heard, so it matches. The other three are the suffix らしい meaning 'just as one would expect of'; it attaches to a noun and describes a quality.
Q28 | rashii as a suffix
In 「彼女はいかにも日本人らしい」 (kanojo wa ikanimo Nihonjin rashii, 'she is Japanese through and through'), which choice uses らしい (rashii) in the same way?
どうやら店は閉まっているらしい (dōyara mise wa shimatte iru rashii)
今日は春らしい暖かさだ (kyō wa haru rashii atatakasa da)
バスは遅れているらしい (basu wa okurete iru rashii)
試合は中止になったらしい (shiai wa chūshi ni natta rashii)
AnswerB. 今日は春らしい暖かさだ (kyō wa haru rashii atatakasa da)
The example is the suffix らしい meaning 'just as one would expect of a Japanese person'. 春らしい暖かさ, a warmth just as one would expect of spring, is the same. The other three are all the auxiliary らしい of inference, where どうやら (dōyara, apparently) can be added and the speaker is judging.
Q29 | reru in the passive
In the example sentence 弟にケーキを食べられる (otōto ni kēki o taberareru, 'have your cake eaten by your younger brother'), which choice uses れる (reru) in the same way?
校長先生が話される (kōchō sensei ga hanasareru)
明日なら早く起きられる (asu nara hayaku okirareru)
昔のことがしのばれる (mukashi no koto ga shinobareru)
先生に注意される (sensei ni chūi sareru)
AnswerD. 先生に注意される (sensei ni chūi sareru)
The example is the passive, with the side performing the action marked by に. 先生に注意される, being cautioned by a teacher, has the same shape. 校長先生が話される can be restated as お話しになる and shows respect; しのばれる is the spontaneous use, a feeling that arises of itself; 早く起きられる means 起きることができる and expresses ability.
Q30 | rareru as ability
In 「私は朝早く起きられる」 (watashi wa asa hayaku okirareru, 'I can get up early in the morning'), which choice uses られる (rareru) in the same way?
校長先生が来られる (kōchō sensei ga korareru)
夜中に犬にほえられる (yonaka ni inu ni hoerareru)
故郷のことが思い出される (kokyō no koto ga omoidasareru)
この漢字なら覚えられる (kono kanji nara oboerareru)
AnswerD. この漢字なら覚えられる (kono kanji nara oboerareru)
The example expresses ability and can be restated as 起きることができる (okiru koto ga dekiru, to be able to get up). この漢字なら覚えることができる, being able to memorise this character, works. 犬にほえられる is the passive with the agent marked by に; 校長先生が来られる can be restated as おいでになる and shows respect; 思い出される is the spontaneous use.
Q31 | reru as spontaneous
In the example sentence 昔のことが思い出される (mukashi no koto ga omoidasareru, 'memories of long ago come back to me'), which choice uses れる (reru) in the same way?
母の身が案じられる (haha no mi ga anjirareru)
社長が式に出席される (shachō ga shiki ni shusseki sareru)
この量なら食べられる (kono ryō nara taberareru)
弟にいたずらをされる (otōto ni itazura o sareru)
AnswerA. 母の身が案じられる (haha no mi ga anjirareru)
The example is the spontaneous use, where something happens of itself without your trying, and it attaches to 思い出す, a verb of inner feeling. 案じる (anjiru, to worry about) is also a verb of inner feeling, so it matches. いたずらをされる is passive, 出席される shows respect, and 食べられる expresses ability.
Q32 | reru showing respect
In 「先生が本を読まれる」 (sensei ga hon o yomareru, 'the teacher reads a book'), which choice uses れる (reru) in the same way?
突然の雨に降られる (totsuzen no ame ni furareru)
部長が会場に入られる (buchō ga kaijō ni hairareru)
これくらいなら持ち上げられる (kore kurai nara mochiagerareru)
ふるさとの父が案じられる (furusato no chichi ga anjirareru)
AnswerB. 部長が会場に入られる (buchō ga kaijō ni hairareru)
In the example the subject is the teacher and the form can be replaced by お読みになる, so it is the respectful use. 部長が会場に入られる can likewise be said as お入りになる, so it matches. 雨に降られる is passive, 持ち上げられる expresses ability, and 案じられる is the spontaneous use.
Q33 | sōda as hearsay
In the example sentence 明日は晴れるそうだ (asu wa hareru sō da, 'they say it will be fine tomorrow'), which choice uses そうだ (sōda) in the same way?
この料理はおいしそうだ (kono ryōri wa oishisō da)
今にも雨が降りそうだ (imanimo ame ga furisō da)
棚の荷物が落ちそうだ (tana no nimotsu ga ochisō da)
彼は来月引っ越すそうだ (kare wa raigetsu hikkosu sō da)
AnswerD. 彼は来月引っ越すそうだ (kare wa raigetsu hikkosu sō da)
The example is the hearsay use and can be restated as 晴れると聞いた (hareru to kiita, I heard it will be fine). 引っ越すそうだ is also something heard from someone, so it matches. The other three are the appearance use: 今にも (imanimo, at any moment) can be added, or the judgement is made from how something looks.
Q34 | Telling nai apart
In 「今日はどこへも行かない」 (kyō wa doko e mo ikanai, 'I am not going anywhere today'), which choice contains a ない (nai) of the same word class?
まだ結論を決めない (mada ketsuron o kimenai)
準備の時間が少ない (junbi no jikan ga sukunai)
この坂道は危ない (kono sakamichi wa abunai)
湧き水が冷たくない (wakimizu ga tsumetakunai)
AnswerA. まだ結論を決めない (mada ketsuron o kimenai)
ない in the example attaches to a verb and can be said as 行かぬ (ikanu), so it is the negating auxiliary. 決めない can also be said as 決めぬ, so it matches. 少ない and 危ない are single adjectives in their own right, so there ない is just part of the word. 冷たくない is the helper adjective attached to an adjective; you cannot say 冷たくぬ.
Q35 | yō ni marking purpose
In the example sentence 風邪をひかないように気をつける (kaze o hikanai yō ni ki o tsukeru, 'take care not to catch a cold'), which choice uses ように (yō ni) in the same way?
柑橘類、たとえばみかんのようなもの (kankitsurui, tatoeba mikan no yō na mono)
まるで夢のような話だ (marude yume no yō na hanashi da)
忘れないように書き留める (wasurenai yō ni kakitomeru)
どうやら熱があるようだ (dōyara netsu ga aru yō da)
AnswerC. 忘れないように書き留める (wasurenai yō ni kakitomeru)
The example states a purpose and can be replaced by ひかないために (hikanai tame ni, so as not to catch one). 忘れないために書き留める, writing it down so as not to forget, works. 夢のような話 takes まるで and is a likeness; 熱があるようだ takes どうやら and is a guess; みかんのようなもの takes たとえば and gives an example.
Practice: answer the questions on this page
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