Children's Rights, Safety and Health

Under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (児童の権利に関する条約), who is a "child"?

1. Every person under 15
2. Every person under 20
3. Every person under 18
4. Every person receiving compulsory education

Which pairing of one of the four principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (児童の権利に関する条約) and its article is correct?

1. Non-discrimination ― Article 3
2. Best interests of the child ― Article 6
3. Right to life, survival and development ― Article 2
4. Right to express views ― Article 12

Which is an appropriate description of the right to express views in Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (児童の権利に関する条約)?

1. The child's views are given due weight according to age and maturity
2. Once a child expresses a view, adults must decide exactly as the child says
3. The right to express views is recognized only after the child turns 18
4. Children's views are heard only if their guardian consents

Which statement about the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (児童の権利に関する条約) and its ratification by Japan is correct?

1. It was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1959, and Japan ratified it the same year
2. It was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989, and Japan has not yet ratified it
3. It was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989, and Japan ratified it in 1994
4. It was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1994, and Japan ratified it in 2023

Which is the correct definition of "kodomo" (child) in the Basic Act on Children (こども基本法)?

1. A person under 18
2. A person in the process of mental and physical development
3. A person under 20
4. A person from the start of elementary school until age 18

Which statement about the Children's Policy Promotion Council (こども政策推進会議) under the Basic Act on Children (こども基本法) is correct?

1. It is placed in the Children and Families Agency, and the Prime Minister is its chair
2. It is placed in the Ministry of Education, and the Minister of Education is its chair
3. It is placed in the Cabinet Office, and the Chief Cabinet Secretary is its chair
4. It is placed in each prefecture, and the governor is its chair

Which statement about the Children's Policy Framework (こども大綱) and local children's plans under the Basic Act on Children (こども基本法) is correct?

1. The Framework is set by the Minister of Education alone
2. Municipal children's plans are mandatory and require national approval
3. The Framework is set by each school according to local conditions
4. Making prefectural and municipal children's plans is a duty to make efforts

Which is the content of Article 11 of the Basic Act on Children (こども基本法), on reflecting the views of children and others in children's policy?

1. National and local governments hear children's views only when evaluating policies
2. Views to be reflected are limited to those of young people aged 18 and over
3. National and local governments take measures to reflect the views of children, carers and others when making, carrying out and evaluating policies
4. Only guardians' views are reflected; children's own views are not included

Which is the content of Article 28 (right to education) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (児童の権利に関する条約)?

1. Higher education is made compulsory for all
2. It says nothing about secondary education
3. Primary education is made compulsory and available free to all
4. School discipline is left to each country and the Convention has no provision on it

Which is the definition of "bullying" in Article 2 of the Act for the Promotion of Measures to Prevent Bullying (いじめ防止対策推進法)?

1. One-sided, continuous attacks on someone weaker, causing the victim serious distress
2. An act by another child in a certain personal relationship that has a psychological or physical effect, where the targeted child feels mental or physical distress
3. An act on school grounds that a teacher has judged not to be a fight or horseplay
4. Violence by a classmate that caused an injury requiring a visit to a medical institution

Which of the following is NOT a "school" under the Act for the Promotion of Measures to Prevent Bullying (いじめ防止対策推進法)?

1. Elementary school
2. Compulsory education school (義務教育学校)
3. Kindergarten
4. Lower secondary department of a special needs school

Which statement about basic policies for preventing bullying under the Act for the Promotion of Measures to Prevent Bullying (いじめ防止対策推進法) is correct?

1. Each school sets a school basic policy, taking the national or local policy into account
2. A school basic policy is only a duty to make efforts, so a school need not set one
3. Every municipality must set a local basic policy
4. The national basic policy is set by each prefectural governor

Which describes the membership of the organization that Article 22 of the Act for the Promotion of Measures to Prevent Bullying (いじめ防止対策推進法) requires schools to set up?

1. The principal alone, with no other staff
2. Only the homeroom teacher of the bullied child
3. Only PTA officers, with no school staff
4. Several staff members, experts in psychology, welfare and so on, and other relevant people

A teacher is consulted by a child about bullying and thinks bullying is taking place. In light of the Act for the Promotion of Measures to Prevent Bullying (いじめ防止対策推進法) and the Guide to Student Guidance (生徒指導提要), which response is appropriate?

1. If the homeroom teacher judges they can solve it alone, they do not report to the committee
2. Report to the school's anti-bullying committee so the school can check the facts
3. Tell no one in the school until the guardian agrees
4. If the suspected child apologizes, no report is needed

Under the national basic policy on bullying (revised 2017), which describes the requirements for bullying to be considered "resolved"?

1. The bully has apologized and the victim has accepted it
2. The bully has written a letter of reflection and the guardians have been told
3. The bullying has stopped for one week and the class has calmed down
4. The acts have stopped for a considerable period (about three months) and the victim no longer feels distress

For a serious case where bullying is suspected of forcing a child to be absent from school "for a considerable period", what guide for "a considerable period" does the Guide to Student Guidance (生徒指導提要) give?

1. 7 days a year
2. 30 days a year
3. 60 days a year
4. 90 consecutive days

Under the system related to Article 26 of the Act for the Promotion of Measures to Prevent Bullying (いじめ防止対策推進法), which statement about suspending attendance of a child who bullied others (public elementary and lower secondary schools) is correct?

1. The principal orders it directly to the child
2. The homeroom teacher orders it with the guardian's consent
3. The municipal board of education orders it to the guardian
4. The prefectural governor orders it to the child and guardian

When a serious bullying case occurs at a public school, which statement about reporting is correct under the Act for the Promotion of Measures to Prevent Bullying (いじめ防止対策推進法)?

1. The school must report to the head of the local government through the board of education
2. The school reports directly to the Minister of Education and not to the board of education
3. Once the school reports to the police, no other report is needed
4. The school reports only when the child or guardian files a claim

Which statement about the school health plan in Article 5 of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法) is correct?

1. The public health center makes it and notifies the school
2. The school physician makes it alone and submits it to the principal
3. The prefectural board of education makes it, and the school only carries it out
4. The school must make and carry out a plan covering health checkups, environmental hygiene inspections and so on

Under the Ordinance for Enforcement of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法施行規則), by when must the regular health checkup of children be held?

1. By 30 April each school year
2. By 30 June each school year
3. By 30 September each school year
4. By 31 December each school year

Under the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法), who conducts the health checkup before children start school?

1. The municipal board of education
2. The principal of the elementary school the child will enter
3. The head of the local public health center
4. The prefectural board of education

Under the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法), who must conduct the regular health checkup of school staff?

1. Each staff member personally
2. The school physician
3. The school's operator (設置者)
4. The local public health center

Under the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法), which pairing correctly shows who suspends a child's attendance due to infectious disease and who temporarily closes a school?

1. Suspension: the school operator / Closure: the principal
2. Suspension: the principal / Closure: the school operator
3. Suspension: the school physician / Closure: the public health center head
4. Suspension: the homeroom teacher / Closure: the principal

Under the Ordinance for Enforcement of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法施行規則), which standard for the suspension period due to influenza (excluding specified avian influenza, etc.) applies to elementary and lower secondary students?

1. Until 5 days have passed since onset and 2 days have passed since the fever went down
2. The child may return as soon as the fever goes down
3. Until 3 days have passed since onset
4. Until 7 days have passed since onset and 5 days have passed since the fever went down

Which statement about Article 23 of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法) is correct?

1. School pharmacists are placed only in lower secondary schools, not elementary schools
2. School physicians are placed only in universities, not in elementary or lower secondary schools
3. Whether to have a school dentist is up to the principal
4. Every school has a school physician, and schools other than universities also have a school dentist and a school pharmacist

Which statement about the school safety plan in Article 27 of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法) is correct?

1. Routes to school are outside the school's control, so safety guidance on commuting is not included
2. Making it is only a duty to make efforts; the school need not make it as long as it acts
3. The school makes and carries out the plan, including safety checks of facilities, safety guidance including commuting, and staff training
4. The board of education makes it on behalf of each school, and the school does not carry it out

Which statement about the emergency response manual in Article 29 of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法) is correct?

1. The national government makes a single nationwide manual, and schools do not make one
2. Once the manual is made, staff briefings and drills are unnecessary
3. Support for recovering health after an incident covers only children who were injured
4. The school makes the manual, and the principal briefs staff and runs drills

Under the definitions in the Child Abuse Prevention Act (児童虐待防止法), what type of abuse is a guardian's violence against their spouse in the home where the child lives (so-called "DV in front of the child")?

1. Physical abuse
2. Sexual abuse
3. Neglect
4. Psychological abuse

A guardian knows that their partner who lives with them is hitting the child, but leaves it and does not stop it. Under the definitions in the Child Abuse Prevention Act (児童虐待防止法), what type of abuse is the guardian's conduct?

1. Physical abuse
2. Neglect
3. Sexual abuse
4. Psychological abuse

Which statement about the role of schools and staff under Article 5 of the Child Abuse Prevention Act (児童虐待防止法) is correct?

1. School staff must be aware that they are well placed to spot abuse and must try to detect it early
2. Early detection is the job of child guidance centers, and there is no provision for schools
3. Schools must not raise awareness of abuse prevention among children and guardians
4. Staff have a duty to investigate the home until they have proof of abuse

Which statement about reporting under Article 6 of the Child Abuse Prevention Act (児童虐待防止法) is correct?

1. A report must be made only after obtaining proof of abuse
2. A report must be made only after obtaining the guardian's consent
3. Anyone who finds a child who appears to have been abused must report promptly
4. If the injury has healed, wait to report until the same thing happens again

Which are the bodies to report to under Article 6 of the Child Abuse Prevention Act (児童虐待防止法)?

1. The municipality, a welfare office set up by the prefecture, or a child guidance center
2. The family court or the Legal Affairs Bureau
3. Only the board of education that runs the school
4. Only the public health center covering the child's address

Teachers at public schools have a duty of confidentiality under the Local Public Service Act (地方公務員法). Which statement about its relation to reporting child abuse is correct?

1. Because of confidentiality, they cannot report without the guardian's consent
2. Confidentiality provisions must not be interpreted as preventing them from fulfilling the duty to report
3. Reporting breaches confidentiality, so they must first get permission from the board of education
4. Confidentiality comes first, so only private-school teachers can report

Which statement about Article 7 of the Child Abuse Prevention Act (児童虐待防止法) is correct?

1. If a guardian asks, the child guidance center must tell them the name of the teacher who reported
2. The person who reported must always tell the guardian that they reported
3. Reports must be made under one's real name; anonymous reports are not accepted
4. Staff of the body that received the report must not disclose anything that identifies the reporter

In light of the Guide to Student Guidance (生徒指導提要), which is appropriate when a teacher talks with a child suspected of being abused?

1. The homeroom teacher asks detailed questions repeatedly to identify the abuser, then reports
2. Limit questions to something like "What happened to that bruise?" and report promptly
3. Several teachers take turns asking the same things to check for inconsistencies
4. Have the child write a detailed account and sign it before reporting

Which is the provision of the Child Abuse Prevention Act (児童虐待防止法), as of October 2026, on corporal punishment by persons with parental authority?

1. A person with parental authority must not use corporal punishment or other words or acts harmful to the child's healthy development
2. Light corporal punishment is allowed for parents if it is for discipline
3. Corporal punishment is prohibited only for teachers, with no provision on parents
4. A parent who assaults their child cannot be charged with a crime because they are the parent