Child Health 1: Growth, Development and Illness

Choose the ONE most appropriate statement about the Infant and Child Physical Development Survey (乳幼児身体発育調査).

1. It is carried out every year at all day care centers nationwide
2. It is carried out every 3 years by municipalities
3. It is carried out every 5 years as part of school health checkups
4. It is carried out every 10 years, and the latest is the 2023 (Reiwa 5) survey
5. It is carried out every 20 years, and the latest is the 2010 (Heisei 22) survey

In the 2023 Infant and Child Physical Development Survey (乳幼児身体発育調査), which is the correct average birth weight for boys?

1. 2.95 kg
2. 3.06 kg
3. 3.26 kg
4. 3.46 kg
5. 3.66 kg

In the Infant and Child Physical Development Survey (乳幼児身体発育調査), a 'low birth weight infant' is a baby whose birth weight is below which value?

1. Below 1,000 g
2. Below 1,500 g
3. Below 1,800 g
4. Below 2,000 g
5. Below 2,500 g

What does the '50th percentile' on a growth chart represent? Choose the ONE most appropriate answer.

1. The median (exactly the middle when values are lined up from smallest)
2. The value at which 50% of children of that age become ill
3. A value 50% heavier than the standard
4. Half of the maximum value
5. The value at which a hospital visit is needed right away

Choose TWO appropriate ways of using growth (percentile) charts.

1. Do not judge from a single measurement; keep recording and look at the trend
2. Every child who is off the 50th percentile curve has a growth problem
3. If a child goes above the 97th percentile even once, always reduce the amount of food
4. A height or weight below the 3rd percentile is one guide for considering referral to a medical institution
5. The curves are the same for boys and girls, so use them without distinguishing sex

A young child weighs 12 kg and is 85 cm tall. Which value is closest to the child's Kaup index?

1. About 14.1
2. About 15.4
3. About 16.6
4. About 17.9
5. About 19.2

In the 2023 Infant and Child Physical Development Survey (乳幼児身体発育調査), at what age do 90% or more of infants have head control (首のすわり)?

1. 2 to under 3 months
2. 4 to under 5 months
3. 6 to under 7 months
4. 9 to under 10 months
5. 11 to under 12 months

In the 2023 Infant and Child Physical Development Survey (乳幼児身体発育調査), which lists the skills in order of the age at which 90% or more of infants can do them, from earliest?

1. Rolling over → head control → crawling → sitting alone → pulling up to stand
2. Head control → sitting alone → rolling over → pulling up to stand → crawling
3. Head control → rolling over → crawling → pulling up to stand → sitting alone
4. Head control → rolling over → sitting alone → crawling → pulling up to stand
5. Rolling over → head control → sitting alone → pulling up to stand → crawling

Choose TWO correct statements about the results of the 2023 Infant and Child Physical Development Survey (乳幼児身体発育調査).

1. 90% or more of infants aged 10 to under 11 months were reported to walk alone
2. Average weight, height and head circumference showed no major change from the 2010 survey
3. Average birth weight is higher for girls than for boys
4. The share of breastfeeding only at 1 to 2 months increased from the 2010 survey
5. 90% or more of children aged 1 year 6 months to under 1 year 7 months were reported to say at least one word

According to the Guidelines for Infection Control at Day Care Centers (保育所における感染症対策ガイドライン), which is the most appropriate statement about the immunity a baby receives from the mother through the placenta (maternal antibodies)?

1. It starts to decrease from a few months after birth
2. It keeps increasing from birth until about age 3
3. Once received, it never disappears for life
4. Babies who are not breastfed receive none of it at all
5. It completely prevents all infectious diseases

Choose TWO physical features of infants and young children described in the Guidelines for Infection Control at Day Care Centers (保育所における感染症対策ガイドライン).

1. Their airways are wider than adults', so they rarely have trouble breathing even when a cold makes the lining swell
2. Their daily water need per kilogram of body weight is lower than adults'
3. Compared with adults, their nasal passages and posterior nasal openings are narrow, and their airways are thin
4. Maternal antibodies increase rapidly right after birth
5. Infants have more water in their bodies than older children and adults

In the Guidelines for Infection Control at Day Care Centers (保育所における感染症対策ガイドライン), which combination is the 'three major factors' needed for an infection to occur?

1. Source of infection, incubation period, antibodies
2. Pathogen, fever, group living
3. Route of transmission, vaccination, disinfection
4. Immunity, nutrition, sleep
5. Source of infection, route of transmission, a susceptible host

Which is the most appropriate description of the 'incubation period'?

1. The period from when symptoms disappear until the child can return to the center
2. The period between one vaccination and the next
3. The period from when a pathogen enters the body until symptoms appear
4. The period from when a fever goes down until strength recovers
5. The period until an infected person stops infecting others

Which pathogen is listed in the Guidelines for Infection Control at Day Care Centers (保育所における感染症対策ガイドライン) as one that spreads by airborne transmission?

1. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
2. Rotavirus
3. Mycoplasma
4. Varicella-zoster virus
5. Adenovirus

According to the Guidelines for Infection Control at Day Care Centers (保育所における感染症対策ガイドライン), how far do droplets from coughs and sneezes spread?

1. About 30 cm
2. 1 to 2 m
3. About 5 m
4. About 10 m
5. Through the whole room

Under the Ordinance for Enforcement of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法施行規則), what is the standard attendance suspension period for influenza in a young child (幼児)?

1. Until 3 days have passed after the fever goes down
2. Until 3 days have passed after onset
3. Until 5 days have passed after onset and 2 days after the fever goes down
4. Until 7 days have passed after all symptoms disappear
5. Until 5 days have passed after onset and 3 days after the fever goes down

Choose TWO correct attendance suspension standards under the Ordinance for Enforcement of the School Health and Safety Act (学校保健安全法施行規則).

1. Mumps: until 5 days have passed after the swelling of the parotid and other glands appears, and the child's general condition is good
2. Chickenpox: until 5 days have passed after the rash appears
3. Rubella: until the rash disappears
4. Pharyngoconjunctival fever: until 7 days have passed after the main symptoms subside
5. Whooping cough: until 3 days have passed after the cough begins

According to the Guidelines for Infection Control at Day Care Centers (保育所における感染症対策ガイドライン), which is the most appropriate description of routine and voluntary vaccination?

1. Routine vaccination is carried out by municipalities under the Immunization Act (予防接種法); voluntary vaccination is given at the person's request, not under that Act
2. Routine vaccination is carried out by day care centers, and voluntary vaccination by municipalities
3. Routine vaccination is only for adults, and all vaccines for children are voluntary
4. Voluntary vaccination means only vaccines whose effect has not been confirmed
5. The mumps vaccine is given in the guidelines as an example of routine vaccination

Which of the following is a live vaccine?

1. 5-in-1 combined vaccine
2. Hepatitis B vaccine
3. MR vaccine (measles-rubella)
4. Japanese encephalitis vaccine
5. Pneumococcal vaccine for children

According to the Guidelines for Infection Control at Day Care Centers (保育所における感染症対策ガイドライン), which is the most appropriate statement about intervals between vaccines?

1. For any combination of vaccines, always leave at least 6 days
2. After an inactivated vaccine, leave at least 27 days before any vaccine
3. Live vaccines can never be given at the same time
4. After an injected live vaccine, leave at least 27 days (4 weeks) before another injected live vaccine
5. After an oral vaccine, leave at least 3 months

Which disease is NOT prevented by the 5-in-1 combined vaccine?

1. Diphtheria
2. Whooping cough (pertussis)
3. Tetanus
4. Polio
5. Measles

Which is the correct timing for routine MR vaccination?

1. Phase 1 from 2 months old; phase 2 at age 1
2. Phase 1 during the year the child is 1 year old; phase 2 in the year before starting elementary school, aged 5 to under 7
3. Phase 1 at 5 months; phase 2 at age 3
4. Phase 1 at age 3; phase 2 at age 9
5. Only one dose, after starting elementary school

Which statement about the rotavirus vaccine matches the MHLW guidance?

1. It is a live vaccine taken by mouth, and starting the first dose at 15 weeks of age or later is not recommended
2. It is an inactivated vaccine given by injection, starting after the first birthday
3. It is given to the mother during pregnancy to protect the baby
4. It is voluntary and given only when entering a day care center
5. One dose is enough, and it can be given at any age

Choose TWO statements about routine vaccination of infants and young children that match the MHLW guidance.

1. The hepatitis B vaccine is given only once, after the first birthday
2. BCG is a single dose, given as standard at 5 to 8 months of age
3. The booster dose of the children's pneumococcal vaccine is finished by 6 months of age
4. The varicella vaccine is given twice, with the second dose at least 3 months after the first
5. Phase 1 of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine starts at 2 months of age

Which statement about the RSV vaccine, which became a routine vaccine from fiscal 2026, matches the MHLW guidance?

1. It is given three times to infants from 2 months of age
2. All day care staff receive it every year
3. It is given once to pregnant women between 28 weeks 0 days and 36 weeks 6 days of pregnancy, to protect the baby to be born
4. It must be given on the first birthday, on the same day as the MR vaccine
5. Only people aged 65 and over are eligible