Development Technology

Which of the following is an activity performed during requirements definition in system development?

1. Deciding the internal module structure and processing procedures of the programs
2. Fixing failures that occur after the system goes live and improving its functions
3. Studying the users' business operations and clarifying the functions and performance the system must provide
4. Checking each completed program one by one to confirm it works as specified in the design documents

Which of the following is the most appropriate item to be decided in external design, also called basic design?

1. Procedures for preparing the test data used in integration testing
2. Standardized naming of variables and functions in line with coding conventions
3. The internal processing procedures and algorithms of each module
4. The layouts of the screens users operate and of the reports to be printed

Which of the following appropriately explains the relationship between external design and internal design?

1. The user-visible specifications decided in external design are translated into program structures in internal design
2. External design is performed after internal design is finished, based on its results
3. Both external design and internal design are phases that decide screen and report layouts to be agreed on with users
4. External design is led mainly by programmers, and internal design mainly by users

Which of the following is the appropriate order in which the phases of system development are carried out?

1. Requirements definition, then testing, then system design, then programming
2. System design, then requirements definition, then testing, then programming
3. Requirements definition, then programming, then system design, then testing
4. Requirements definition, then system design, then programming, then testing

What is the main aim of designing a program by dividing it into multiple modules?

1. To increase the independence of each component, making modification, testing, and reuse easier
2. To reduce the number of servers used in the production environment and lower costs
3. To reduce the number of items users must enter and make operation easier
4. To guarantee a reduction in the total number of lines of source code in the program

Which of the following is the most appropriate example of screen design that improves usability?

1. Notifying users of input errors on the spot and showing specifically what is wrong and how to fix it
2. Using many technical terms so that only knowledgeable users can operate the screen
3. Showing no operating instructions on screen and explaining them only in a separate manual
4. Cramming every input item into a single screen and displaying no headings or supplementary explanations at all

Which of the following appropriately describes software acceptance?

1. Improving the software after it goes live, in response to business changes and user requests
2. Developers testing the programs they wrote, module by module or program by program
3. The ordering party confirming the delivered software through operational testing and the like, and accepting it if it satisfies the requirements
4. Developers building the internal structure and processing procedures of programs according to the design documents

Which of the following appropriately describes unit testing?

1. Having users operate the system following their actual business procedures to verify that it meets the requirements
2. Verifying, for each module or individual program, that its internal processing works correctly
3. Verifying the whole system, including performance and load tolerance, in an environment close to production
4. Combining multiple modules and verifying that data is passed correctly between them

What is mainly verified in integration testing?

1. Whether data exchange and coordination between the combined modules are correct
2. Whether users can work through their actual business flow without problems
3. Whether every instruction and branch inside a single module has been executed
4. Whether development costs remain within the original budget

Which of the following is the most appropriate description of what is done in system testing, also called overall testing?

1. Verifying the entire system in an environment close to production, checking performance and load tolerance in addition to functions
2. Cleaning up indentation and formatting irregularities in the source code with an automatic formatter
3. Adding features requested by users after delivery as new functions
4. Members reading through the modules under development together on paper, one by one, to find description errors

Which of the following appropriately describes operational testing, also called acceptance testing?

1. Developers reading through the programs on paper and pointing out errors
2. Developers focusing on the internal structure of the programs and checking instructions and branches exhaustively
3. Developers verifying the coordination between integrated modules
4. Users operating the system along their actual business flow to verify that it meets the requirements

In the V-model, which testing phase corresponds to external design, also called basic design?

1. Unit testing
2. Integration testing
3. System testing
4. Operational testing

Which of the following appropriately describes white-box testing?

1. Feeding the same volume of data as production and measuring whether processing time stays within the standard
2. Testing that ignores the internal structure of the program and focuses only on the relationship between inputs and outputs shown in the specifications
3. Testing that focuses on the internal structure of the program and covers execution paths so that instructions and branches are exercised
4. Having users operate a prototype and incorporating their feedback into the requirements

Which of the following is an appropriate way to create test cases in black-box testing?

1. Mechanically assigning a number of test cases proportional to the number of lines of source code
2. Choosing execution paths so that every branch is executed at least once
3. Checking line by line whether the comments written by the developers are correct
4. Dividing the input conditions in the specifications into meaningful groups and choosing representative values and boundary values from them

What is the purpose of performing regression testing?

1. To confirm that modifying the program has not introduced defects into parts that worked correctly before the modification
2. To confirm that trained users have correctly learned the new operating procedures after the change
3. To confirm that the system has enough processing performance to withstand production use
4. To check only the newly added part, verifying solely whether the added function works as specified

Among software review techniques, which of the following appropriately describes an inspection?

1. A formal review hosted by a moderator, with participants' roles and procedures defined in advance, to detect defects in the deliverables
2. Actually running the program to verify that outputs for given inputs match the specifications
3. Two people sharing one terminal and taking turns writing the program
4. A session led by the author, who walks the participants through the deliverable in order while they informally point out errors and questions on the spot

Which of the following is an appropriate characteristic of the waterfall model?

1. Building prototypes and firming up the requirements while receiving user evaluations
2. Proceeding through the phases in order and, as a rule, developing without going back to earlier phases
3. Repeating short iterations and delivering working software in each iteration
4. Development and operations staff working as one and releasing frequently through automation

What is the main advantage of adopting the prototyping model?

1. The prototype substitutes for design documents, so no documentation work is needed at all
2. Having users check a prototype at an early stage reduces rework caused by requirement gaps and misunderstandings
3. Because users have checked the prototype, it can be guaranteed that no specification changes will occur after the system goes live
4. Building a prototype always reduces total development effort and cuts costs in half

Which of the following appropriately describes the spiral model?

1. Completing all functions in a single pass from upstream to downstream, with no going back to earlier phases and no mid-course reviews at all
2. Skipping the requirements definition phase, building something that works first, and documenting the specifications afterwards
3. Outsourcing all development phases and managing progress only through monthly reports
4. Dividing the system into parts and raising its completeness in a spiral by repeating a cycle of design, development, and evaluation

Which of the following is the most appropriate description of the agile development approach?

1. Users being involved only at requirements definition and acceptance, with no involvement during development
2. Fixing all specifications at the start and, as a rule, allowing no subsequent changes
3. Building working software in short iterations and responding to change while incorporating user feedback
4. Prioritizing perfectly polished detailed design documents over quickly showing working software

Requirements are not yet settled, and the plan is to add features in short cycles while watching users' reactions. Which of the following is the most appropriate development policy for this system?

1. Run all tests together at the end, and do no verification of behavior until then
2. Do not start development until the requirements document is approved, and accept no changes at all after approval
3. Release working features in each short iteration and reflect user evaluations in the next iteration
4. Fix the specifications of all functions, develop everything at once, and show it to users only upon completion

Which of the following appropriately describes RAD, Rapid Application Development?

1. An approach in which development and operations staff cooperate closely and pursue continuous improvement through automation
2. A technique for developing a system in a short period using a small team and development support tools
3. A technique for creating a new service by combining multiple publicly available services
4. A technique for analyzing existing programs to derive their specifications and design information

Which of the following appropriately describes pair programming?

1. Two teams developing the same feature separately and adopting the better result after completion
2. Two people sharing one terminal, one writing code while the other reviews and advises during development
3. Having two users operate the same screen and comparing ease of use
4. Running two kinds of tests at the same time to find defects sooner

Which of the following is the appropriate way to proceed in test-driven development, TDD?

1. Write the test code first, then implement the program so that the tests pass
2. Plan the tests for the first time only after all implementation is complete
3. Leave testing entirely to external specialists, with developers doing no testing
4. Create tests for the first time only after users report failures following the production launch

Which of the following appropriately describes refactoring?

1. Reorganizing the internal structure of a program to make it clearer without changing its externally visible behavior
2. Relocating a system in operation to another data center
3. Adding new features to an existing program in response to user requests
4. Increasing the number of servers or the amount of memory to raise processing speed

What is the role of the product owner in Scrum?

1. Being responsible for the content and priority of the product backlog and maximizing the value of the product
2. Conducting personnel evaluations of team members and assigning tasks to each person
3. Recording daily progress and reporting budget overruns to management
4. Helping ensure the rules of Scrum are properly followed and removing problems that hinder development

Which of the following is an appropriate description of the Scrum master's role in Scrum?

1. Helping the team practice Scrum properly and removing problems that hinder the team
2. Negotiating prices with customers and deciding contract terms
3. Giving work orders to each member of the development team and managing them by reprimanding those who fall behind
4. Deciding the priority of requirements and finalizing the features to release

Which of the following appropriately describes the daily scrum in Scrum?

1. The development team meets briefly every day to share progress and problems and confirm the day's work
2. At the end of a sprint, the deliverables completed in that sprint are shown to stakeholders for evaluation and feedback
3. Requirements to be realized are organized into a prioritized list
4. The team reflects on how it works and decides improvements for the future

Which of the following appropriately describes CI/CD, continuous integration and continuous delivery?

1. Operations staff manually copying files to the production environment and applying changes one by one
2. Merging all changes in one batch just before release and running tests all together, once, only at that point
3. Suspending new development and working only on maintaining the documentation of existing systems
4. Frequently integrating changed source code, automatically running builds and tests, and automating the flow through to release

Which of the following corresponds to reverse engineering?

1. Using a development environment that lets you build applications just by placing components on the screen
2. Creating a program based on the design documents
3. Creating a new service by combining multiple publicly available services
4. Analyzing an existing program to derive its specifications and design information