Social Care for Children (Alternative Care)

Which pair correctly states the two basic philosophies of social care shown in the national guidelines, such as the Operating Guidelines for Social Care Facilities (社会的養護施設運営指針)? Choose one.

1. Put the guardian's wishes first / Base care on group life in a facility
2. Family self-responsibility as the rule / Fill gaps through mutual aid in the community
3. For the best interests of the child / Raising all children as a whole society
4. For the best interests of the child / Family self-help as the rule
5. Make placement measures efficient / Make facilities larger

Which of the following is NOT one of the six "principles of social care" set out in the national guidelines? Choose one.

1. Complete separation and cutting off from the guardians
2. Family-like care and individualisation
3. Support aimed at recovery
4. Continuous support and a collaborative approach
5. Support that looks ahead over the life cycle

Which principle of social care best matches the idea: "Several actors such as child guidance centres, facilities, foster parents and schools work together, and hand over carefully when the carer changes, to keep support consistent"? Choose one.

1. Family-like care and individualisation
2. Guaranteeing development and supporting independence
3. Support aimed at recovery
4. Cooperation and collaboration with the family
5. Continuous support and a collaborative approach

Which order correctly shows how the national and local governments should consider a child's upbringing under Article 3-2 of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)? Choose one.

1. The best possible family-like environment → an environment equivalent to a home → support the guardians so the child grows up at home
2. Support the guardians so the child grows up at home → an environment equivalent to a home → the best possible family-like environment
3. An environment equivalent to a home → support the guardians so the child grows up at home → the best possible family-like environment
4. Support the guardians so the child grows up at home → the best possible family-like environment → an environment equivalent to a home
5. The best possible family-like environment → support the guardians so the child grows up at home → an environment equivalent to a home

Choose TWO appropriate statements about placement measures (foster care placement, admission to a facility, etc.) under the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法).

1. Even if the person with parental authority opposes admission, the prefecture can admit the child without family court approval.
2. If abuse seriously harms the child's welfare and the parent with authority objects, the measure can be taken with family court approval.
3. Placement with foster parents is not included in the measures of Article 27(1)(iii) of the Child Welfare Act.
4. A measure such as admission taken with family court approval cannot last more than two years from the day it started.
5. When a measure is ended, there is no need to check the child's opinions or wishes.

Which statement about the "measures to hear the child's views" (意見聴取等措置, Article 33-3-3 of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)), in force since April 2024, is most appropriate? Choose one.

1. The law says these measures need not be taken if the child is younger than primary school age.
2. As a rule, these measures are taken one year after the placement measure.
3. Even in an emergency, the placement measure cannot be taken until the hearing is finished.
4. Starting or ending temporary protection is also covered by the measures to hear the child's views.
5. Only foster parents are obliged to take these measures.

Choose TWO appropriate statements about abuse of children in care (被措置児童等虐待, Articles 33-10 and 33-12 of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)).

1. Acts by foster parents or people living with them against a placed child are also included.
2. Such abuse is limited to two types: physical violence and indecent acts.
3. Anyone who finds a child who seems to have been abused must report it promptly.
4. If a facility worker reports abuse, they will always be punished for breaching confidentiality.
5. The abused child cannot report it themselves.

A child with no person holding parental authority and no guardian of a minor is placed with foster parents. Who exercises parental authority over this child until such a person exists? Choose one.

1. The foster parents caring for the child
2. The mayor of the municipality where the child lives
3. The head of the child guidance centre
4. A family court judge
5. The head of the foster parent support centre

Which statement about children's homes (児童養護施設, Article 41 of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)) is most appropriate? Choose one.

1. They care for children without guardians, abused children and others, and also help leavers toward independence.
2. As a rule they admit and raise infants, admitting older children only when especially needed.
3. They mainly serve children who have committed or may commit delinquent acts, and attending from home is not allowed.
4. They admit women without a spouse (or in similar circumstances) together with the children in their care.
5. Children can stay only until age 15 and cannot stay longer.

Which statement about infant homes (乳児院, Article 37 of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)) is most appropriate? Choose one.

1. Giving advice and other help to children who have left is not one of their purposes.
2. They serve only infants under one year old, and young children can never be admitted for any reason.
3. They mainly care for children who attend during the day from their guardians' home.
4. They serve only infants with disabilities and provide treatment and training.
5. They admit and raise infants, and may also admit young children when especially needed.

Choose the most appropriate combination of true (○) and false (×) for statements A–D.<br>A. Children's psychological treatment facilities (児童心理治療施設) admit for a short period, or have attend from home, children who find it hard to adapt to social life for environmental reasons, and provide psychological treatment and life guidance.<br>B. Children's self-reliance support facilities (児童自立支援施設) are residential only; children cannot attend from their guardians' home.<br>C. Mother-and-child living support facilities (母子生活支援施設) admit women without a spouse (or in similar circumstances) with the children in their care, protecting them and supporting their daily life toward independence.<br>D. Foster parent support centres (里親支援センター) became child welfare facilities under the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法) in April 2024.

1. A○ B○ C○ D×
2. A○ B× C○ D○
3. A× B× C○ D○
4. A○ B× C× D○
5. A× B○ C× D×

Choose TWO appropriate statements about the foster care system.

1. Relative foster parents include the child's own parents, who can also be registered as foster parents.
2. Foster parents seeking adoption can be registered without completing prefectural training.
3. Article 6-4 of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法) divides foster parents into three types: foster parents for raising children, foster parents seeking adoption, and relative foster parents.
4. Foster parents for raising children can receive a placement on the governor's decision alone, without being registered.
5. Specialist foster parents are a sub-type of foster parents for raising children, caring for children who need special support (児童福祉法施行規則).

Which statement about specialist foster parents (専門里親) is most appropriate? Choose one.

1. Specialist foster parents are a fourth type of foster parent under the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法), separate from foster parents for raising children.
2. Specialist foster parents may care for up to four placed children at the same time.
3. There is no upper limit on how long specialist foster parents may care for a placed child.
4. They raise children the governor finds need special support due to abuse, delinquency, disability, etc.
5. Children covered by specialist foster care are limited to children with delinquency.

Under the Minimum Standards for Care by Foster Parents (里親が行う養育に関する最低基準), how many children may foster parents (other than specialist foster parents) raise at the same time? Choose one.

1. Up to 2 placed children, and up to 4 in total including their own children
2. Up to 6 placed children, and up to 8 in total including their own children
3. Up to 4 placed children, and up to 6 in total including their own children
4. Up to 5 placed children, and up to 6 in total including their own children
5. No limit on placed children, as long as the total is 6 or fewer

Which statement about family homes (ファミリーホーム, small-scale residential child-rearing projects 小規模住居型児童養育事業) is most appropriate? Choose one.

1. Children are raised in the carer's home, and the capacity for placed children is 5 or 6.
2. It is run in the carer's home, and the capacity for placed children is up to 2.
3. The Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法) defines family homes as a type of foster parent.
4. Family homes are listed as a child welfare facility in Article 7 of the Child Welfare Act.
5. Staff working in shifts raise children as a group in buildings with 10 or more places.

Choose TWO appropriate statements about special adoption (特別養子縁組) under the Civil Code (民法).

1. It is established by the family court at the request of the person who will become the adoptive parent.
2. Any child can be adopted as long as they are under 18 at the time of the request.
3. It is established simply by notifying the mayor of the municipality.
4. Once established, the legal relationship between the adoptee and their birth relatives ends.
5. Even if the child is 15 or older, the child's own consent is not needed.

What foster placement rate target did the New Vision for Social Care (新しい社会的養育ビジョン, August 2017) set for children under 3? Choose one.

1. 50% or more within about 7 years
2. 75% or more within about 10 years
3. 100% within about 3 years
4. 50% or more within about 5 years
5. 75% or more within about 5 years

In the New Vision for Social Care (新しい社会的養育ビジョン), which is treated as "the best possible family-like environment" in Article 3-2 of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)? Choose one.

1. A family formed through special adoption
2. A facility made smaller and spread out in the community
3. The home of foster parents for raising children
4. A family home
5. The home of relative foster parents

Choose TWO appropriate statements about self-reliance support plans (自立支援計画).

1. Foster parents only need to follow a plan they make themselves; the child guidance centre's plan has nothing to do with them.
2. In a children's home, the head of the facility must draw up a self-reliance support plan for each child in the home.
3. Once the plan is made at admission, it never needs to be reviewed.
4. Children's opinions are not to be included in planning until they are close to 18.
5. A children's home's plan is drawn up taking into account the child's opinions and wishes and the situation of the child and family.

Which statement about the independent living assistance project for children (児童自立生活援助事業, Article 6-3(1) of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法), e.g. self-reliance support homes) is most appropriate? Choose one.

1. It is limited to primary school children who have not finished compulsory education.
2. People aged 20 or over are never eligible, whatever their circumstances.
3. Its purpose is to raise infants in foster families.
4. It gives care leavers advice, life guidance, employment support, etc. in a shared residence or similar place.
5. Its purpose is to provide psychotherapy to children living in facilities.

Under Article 31(2) of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法), until when can a prefecture continue the placement of a child placed with foster parents or the stay of a child admitted to a children's home? Choose one.

1. Until age 18, with no extension possible
2. Until the child reaches age 19
3. Until the child reaches age 20
4. Until the child reaches age 25
5. With no age limit, as long as the person wishes

Which best describes the "support hub project for independence of people from social care" (社会的養護自立支援拠点事業, Article 6-3(16) of the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)), placed in law in April 2024? Choose one.

1. It opens a place where people whose placement has ended can meet each other, and provides information, advice and liaison with related agencies.
2. It hears the views of children in care about placement measures and supports liaison with child guidance centres.
3. It examines whether people can be registered as foster parents and keeps the foster parent register.
4. It provides counselling inside facilities only for guardians who committed abuse.
5. It pays the full rent of facility leavers regardless of age.

Under the national notice of 30 March 2018, how are social care facilities such as children's homes evaluated? Choose the most appropriate.

1. Third-party evaluation once every 10 years is enough, and self-evaluation is not required.
2. Third-party evaluation is optional for each facility, and results are not published.
3. They receive third-party evaluation every month and do no self-evaluation.
4. They only do a self-evaluation once every three years and receive no third-party evaluation.
5. They receive third-party evaluation at least once every three fiscal years and publish the results, and do a self-evaluation every fiscal year.

Which statement about staff of children's homes under the Standards for Equipment and Operation of Child Welfare Facilities (児童福祉施設の設備及び運営に関する基準) is most appropriate? Choose one.

1. Every facility must have a psychotherapy staff member, regardless of the children's situation.
2. Along with child instructors and nursery teachers, they must have an individual care worker and a family support specialist counsellor.
3. Every facility must have a nurse, even if no infants are admitted.
4. Nursery teachers are not required; child instructors alone are enough.
5. A dietitian must always be employed, regardless of the number of children.

Which statement about children in facilities or placed with foster parents is most consistent with the Child Welfare Act (児童福祉法)? Choose one.

1. Only the person with parental authority must have a child in a facility attend school; the head of the facility has no duty.
2. Children placed with foster parents do not have to attend school.
3. Only child guidance centres give advice and help to leavers; facilities are not involved.
4. Facility heads and foster parents must, like guardians, have the children in their care attend school.
5. Heads of facilities may use corporal punishment if it is needed for custody and education.